预防短路故障的主要措施是限制短路电流，缩短短路电流的持续时间，减少发生短路的机会。首先要做好短路电流的计算，正确选择及校验电气设备，使电气设备的额定电压和线路的额定电压相符。同时要正确选择继电保护装置的额定电流，采用速断保护装置，以确保发生短路时能快速切断短路电流，减少短路电流持续时间，减少短路所造成的损失。在变电站安装避雷针，在变压器附近和线路上安装避雷器，可以有效减少雷击损害。要采用电抗器增加系统阻抗，限制短路电流。

The main measures to prevent short circuit faults are to limit short circuit current, shorten the duration of short-circuit current, and reduce the chance of short circuit. First of all, to do short-circuit current calculation, correct selection and calibration of electrical equipment, so that the rated voltage of the electrical equipment and the line rated voltage. At the same time to correct selection of the rated current of relay protection device, using the quick break protection device, can quickly cut off the short circuit current to ensure that when the short circuit occurs, reduce the short-circuit current duration, reduce the loss caused by short circuit. Lightning arresters are installed in substations, and lightning arresters installed near the transformer and on the line can effectively reduce lightning damage. Reactor shall be adopted to increase system impedance and limit short circuit current.

一旦发生短路故障，要把故障线路或设备从电力系统中除掉，使其余部分能继续运行。禁止带负荷拉刀闸、带电闭合接地刀闸。线路施工完毕后应立即拆除接地线。要经常对线路、设备进行巡视检查，及时发现缺陷，迅速进行检修。为保证架空线路施工质量，要加强线路维护。在电力运行中，相关的继电保护检测设备也很重要，微机继电保护测试仪、手持光数字测试仪、手持光数字分析仪、异频介损测试仪等也要定期对电网进行检修，以保证电网的正常、快速、高效的运行。

In case of a short circuit fault, remove the faulty line or equipment from the power system so that the rest can continue. No load broach or live earthing switch. After the construction of the line is completed, the ground wire shall be removed immediately. Often to line, equipment inspections, inspection, timely detection of defects, rapid maintenance. In order to ensure the construction quality of overhead lines, the maintenance of lines should be strengthened. In the operation of the electric power, the relay protection related testing equipment is also very important, the microcomputer relay protection tester, tester, optical digital handheld handheld digital optical analyzer, different frequency dielectric loss tester also regularly for maintenance of the power grid, to ensure the normal power, rapid and efficient operation.